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Inside the Black Box: Affirmative Action and the Social Construction of Race in Brazil
The recent adoption of race-targeted public policies makes Brazil an insightful place to study the social construction of race. This article estimates the effect of racial quotas in college admissions on patterns of racial identification. The authors collected data on persons who matriculated before and after the implementation of quotas at the University of Brasilia, […]
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Intellectual property enclosure and economic discourse in the 2012 London Olympic Games.
Special legislation associated with mega sporting events has enabled new forms of cultural enclosure, effectively commoditising aspects of cultural expression that previously remained in the public domain. In this article, the authors examine the tension between economic and political justifications for hosting the Olympics and the intellectual property enclosures that are imposed upon host nations. […]
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Interaction Ritual Theory and Sports Fans: Emotion, Symbols, and Solidarity.
The study of sport spectatorship has an increasing focus on the importance of fandom beyond fan violence. Fundamental to understanding fan behavior are the meaningful rituals and emotions experienced by fans. In this paper, I use the theoretical work of Randall Collins to examine the ritualistic outcomes of collective effervescence, emotional energy, and group symbols […]
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International Sport Federations in the World City Network
In this article, we analyze the transnational urban geographies produced by international sport federations (ISFs) through their global, regional, and national headquarter locations. Data on the global urban presence of 35 major ISFs are examined through connectivity analysis and principal component analysis. The connectivity analysis reveals the relative dominance of cities in Europe and Pacific […]
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International Student-Athletes in Canadian Interuniversity Sport (CIS): Perceptions, Motivations, and Experiences
This exploratory study investigated the landscape of international student-athletes participating in Canadian Interuniversity Sport (CIS), the governing body for university sport in Canada, with respect to number, sport, and gender breakdown, as well as their perceptions, motivations, and experiences. Of the over 11,000 CIS student-athletes competing in 2012-14, 5.1% were international. In addition, the sports […]
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Interrogating States’ Soft Power Strategies: A Case Study of Sports Mega-Events in Brazil and the UK.
Central to this article is the use of sports mega-events as part of a state’s “soft power” strategy. The article offers two things: first, a critique of the “soft power” concept and a clearer understanding of what it refers to by drawing on the political use of sports mega-events by states; second, the article seeks […]
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I’m Not Allowed Wrestling Stuff: Hegemonic Masculinity and Primary School Boys
Hegemonic masculinity is Connell’s key concept in a hierarchical framework of masculinities which has had a significant influence on thinking about gender. This article draws on Connell’s theories, previous research and my empirical research to argue that there are limitations to using the concept of hegemonic masculinity, and even hegemonic masculinities, when examining boys and […]
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I’m Not Homophobic, “I’ve Got Gay Friends”: Evaluating the Validity of Inclusive Masculinity
Anderson’s concept of “inclusive masculinity” has generated significant academic and media interest recently. It claims to have replaced hegemonic masculinity as a theoretical framework for exploring gender relations in societies that show “decreased” levels of cultural homophobia and “homohysteria”; this clearly has important implications for critical studies on men and masculinities (CSMMs). This article is […]
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i9 and the Transformation of Youth Sport
In this article I present an analysis of how traditionally run competitive, organized team sports reproduce multiple socio negative effects for youth who play them. After explicating how the structure and culture of traditionally run competitive team sports operates in western cultures, I explain that cultural resistance toward changing sport is beginning to wane. I […]
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Identity socialization and construction within the French national rugby union women’s team.
The goal of this article is to present the output of a study on women who play rugby union at international level. This article aims to uncover the steps in their sport socialization – in rugby among others – and to understand how these women construct their identities. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 12 players […]
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Ideology doesn’t just happen: Sports and neoliberalism.
Research on sports in society is discouraged by essentialist beliefs that define sport as a fixed, innate expression of human impulses. This has undermined an awareness of sports as cultural practices and forms of social organization that are commonly used to reaffirm national and global processes of neoliberalization. This paper clarifies the contemporary meaning of […]
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If You Jump Up and Down, Balotelli Dies: Racism and Player Abuse in Italian Football
Italian football has been in crisis for a number of years as global transformations and internal politics have manifested themselves in corruption, fan violence and financial insecurity. In addition to these, there has also been an increase in racism on the terraces as increased global migration has altered the demographics of cities across the peninsular. […]
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Imagining neoliberal feminisms? Thinking critically about the US diplomacy campaign, ‘Empowering women and girls through sports’
This paper builds upon the sport for development scholarship that critically explores how Western ideals of gender and sport are mobilized within sport development campaigns. This growing body of development scholarship (e.g. Hayhurst, 2013, “Girls as the ‘New’ Agents of Social Change? Exploring the ‘Girl Effect’ Through Sport, Gender and Development Programs in Uganda,” Sociological […]
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Impact of sports’ characteristics on the labor market
The purpose of this article is to analyze how the characteristics of different sports affect their respective labor market characteristics. To that end, we first classified Korean sports into the following four groups according to number of spectators and playing population (participation): Popular, Non-popular, Leisure, and Media. One sport was selected for each classification, and […]
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Impacts and strategic outcomes from non-mega sport events for local communities
The staging of sport events directly impacts the quality of life of people living in the host communities. Sport events are temporal and can trigger a variety of short- or long-term, positive or negative impacts, which lead to positive or negative outcomes, and if sustained, these outcomes have been called ‘legacies.’ Impacts may result from […]
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Impairment, cure and identity: ‘Where do I fit in?’
Discussion concerning the concept of cure has proved contentious within disability studies and the disability movement. This is because the ideology of ‘normalising’ the body has traditionally underpinned ideas about cure. Today, disability is increasingly understood in terms of oppression breaking the link with impairment. Therefore, to discuss cure re‐introduces impairment and an associated rhetoric […]
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Imperfect Perfection and Wheelchair Bodybuilding: Challenging Ableism or Reproducing Normalcy?
This article explores the impact of the binary configuration of disabled bodies as opposite and unequal to able bodies, and whether or not contemporary bodybuilding provides a space where this dualism can be overcome. Drawing on life history interviews with Dan, a professional wheelchair bodybuilder, we consider how his hyper-muscular upper body may position him […]
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Implementation of concussion legislation and extent of concussion education for athletes, parents, and coaches in Washington state.
Background: Most states in the United States have passed laws regarding concussions, but little is known regarding the implementation of these laws. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to survey high school coaches 3 years after the passage of a concussion law to evaluate the variation in concussion education and knowledge in the context […]
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In-ger-land, In-ger-land, In-ger-land! Exploring the impact of soccer on the sense of belonging of those seeking asylum in the UK
Utilising research conducted in Sheffield (UK) with people seeking asylum, this article explores the ways in which soccer might be used to create a sense of belonging in the host country. It explores participant feelings about soccer and its potential to alleviate the pressures that the status of being an ‘asylum seeker’ brings. The ways […]
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Inclusion and Identity in the Mountain Biking Community: Can Subcultural Identity and Inclusivity Coexist?
Lifestyle sports studies have emphasized the boundary work done by core participants and the resulting exclusionary and hierarchical structures of these sports. Mountain biking is a lifestyle sport structured to incorporate new riders, yet bikers still share a group identity, raising important questions about whether exclusivity is necessary for subcultural identity. Drawing on 60 interviews […]
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Inclusive Masculinities in Contemporary Football: Men in the Beautiful Game
The culture of association football (soccer) has often been branded as homophobic and a hostile environment for sexually diverse persons. In fact, Cashmore and Cleland (2011) in their sociological analysis, comment that football is “not known as a paradigm of liberalism” (p. 421), while prominent British journalist Owen Jones (2014) suggests “football remains one of […]
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Hockey as a Religion: The Montreal Canadiens.
Sport is all about play and game, aesthetic and strength, passion and emotion, challenge and rivalry. But because sometimes players and fans look for a little extra help from God, gods, spirits or any other Supreme Being, sport is also a matter of beliefs and Faith. Often, sport uses religion if the sport itself does […]
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Holistic Life-Span Health Outcomes Among Elite Intercollegiate Student-Athletes
Competitive sports are recognized as having unique health benefits and risks, and the effect of sports on lifespan health among elite athletes has received increasing attention. However, supporting scientific data are sparse and do not represent modern athletes. To assess holistic life-span health and health-related quality-of-life (HRQL) among current and former National Collegiate Athletic Association […]
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Hombres Mujeres: An Indigenous Third Gender
This article interrogates West and Zimmerman’s Doing Gender paradigm by examining the Muxes of Juchitán, a little known third gender in El Istmo de Tehuantepec, Oaxaca México. After presenting preliminary findings based on personal interviews with forty-two muxes and forty-eight community members, distinguishing between muxes and gays and describing the wide variation in the muxe […]
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Honey or Vinegar? Athletes with Disabilities Discuss Strategies for Advocacy Within the Paralympic Movement.
Drawing on interviews with 25 athletes with disabilities and para-sport participants (coaches, volunteers, and supporters), and on posts and comments made on a multi-authored blog discussing Paralympic sport, this article addresses how individuals advocate on behalf of disability sport. Our findings indicate that athletes and their allies adopt different styles of advocacy ranging in tone […]
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Honk if you like minorities: Vuvuzela attitudes predict outgroup liking.
The 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa generated extensive controversy over spectators’ use of the African vuvuzela trumpet. We asked 123 White American participants about their opinions of vuvuzelas as well as their attitudes towards a variety of racial/ethnic minority groups including immigrants, African Americans, and Latinos. We found that the less participants liked […]
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Hoop inequalities: Race, class and family structure background and the odds of playing in the National Basketball Association.
The popular image of the African American National Basketball Association (NBA) player as rising from the ‘ghetto’ to international fame and fortune misleads academics and publics alike. This false image is fueled, in part, by critical shortcomings in empirical research on the relationship between race, sport, and occupational mobility: these studies have not adequately examined […]
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Hoops, History, and Crossing Over: Boundary Making and Community Building in Japanese American Youth Basketball Leagues.
My dissertation research examines how cultural organizations, particularly ethnic sports leagues, shape racial/ethnic and gender identity and community building among later-generation Japanese Americans. I focus my study on community-organized youth basketball leagues – a cultural outlet that spans several generations and continues to have a lasting influence within the Japanese American community. Using data from […]
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Hosting the Olympic Games: An Overstated Advantage in Sports History
Previous research on the home advantage in the history of the Olympic Games has found initial evidence that host nations have won more medals than non-hosts. In this paper, we argue that these findings are a myth of sports history, providing poor estimates of the home advantage in the Olympics. We argue that selection bias […]
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How Can you Enjoy Sports if You are Under Control by Others? Self-Organized Lifestyle Sports and Youth Development
While research shows a positive association between participation in organized sports and youth development, research on alternative and unorganized sport settings is lacking. This paper analyzes developmental processes in a sample of unorganized lifestyle sport contexts, drawing on a Relational Developmental Systems approach to human development. Based on observation and interviews with young practitioners in […]
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How Documentary Remade Mike Tyson.
This article will theorize the relationship between stardom and documentary by considering the ways in which documentary representations contribute to the discursive formation of a star. Specifically, the article will explore the central role that documentary film has played in remaking Mike Tyson’s public image by analyzing the boxer’s representation across three distinct films: Fallen […]
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How male young adults construe their playing style in violent video games
This study explores the various ways in which male young adults engage with violence in video games. Based on an ethnographic study (N = 26) with triangulation of diary reports, focus group interviews and a video commentary model, three conceptual axes are distinguished along which players differ in their enactment of video game violence: narration […]
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How to Influence National Pride? The Olympic Medal Indexas a Unifying Narrative
Elite sport is often regarded as one of the main vehicles for articulating national pride and stimulating national cohesion. In this article, we explore a variety of different notions of pride and nationality as related to success in elite sport. We present the results of a public survey, which measured some of the effects on […]
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Human Rights and Sports Mega-Events: The Role of Moral Disengagement in Spectators
Human rights issues such as freedom of speech, equality, and displacement are repeatedly connected with the hosting of sports mega-events. Governments and event organizers require public backing to ensure these events remain sustainable; this study provides an explanation as to how the general populations continue to provide this support in spite of these concerns through […]
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I Guess It’s Kind of Elitist: The Formation and Mobilisation of Cultural Social and Physical Capital in Youth Sport Volunteering
Policy and research portray sport volunteering as a means by which young people can develop skills and perform active citizenship. This paper draws on qualitative research with participants in a UK sport volunteering programme to critically examine young people’s volunteering journeys and how these are shaped by their formation and mobilisation of capital. The results […]
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I Just Can’t Bear These Procedures, I Just Want to be Out There Working With Children: An Autoethnography on Neoliberalism and Youth Sports Charities in the UK. Sport, Education and Society
This paper uses an autoethnography to recount my experiences with SportHelp, a UK youth sports charity. Using a layered account format, which jumps through time and space, I demonstrate the extent to which neoliberal values have influenced the continuity and change of SportHelp. This paper does not constitute an attack on the charity, its staff, […]
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I want to come here to prove them wrong’: using a post-colonial feminist participatory action research (PFPAR) approach to studying sport, gender and development programmes for urban Indigenous young women
How do young urban Aboriginal women in Vancouver, British Columbia, understand their experiences of participating in a sport, gender and development (SGD) programme that aims to enhance their lives? In this paper, we consider this question through a post-colonial feminist participatory action research (PFPAR) study designed to examine the contradictions and challenges surrounding SGD programmes […]
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Graduate(d) Student Athletes in Division I Football: Redefining Archetypes and Disrupting Stereotypes or Invisible?
This article foregrounds the experiences of graduate(d) student athletes , defined as college athletes who earn a bachelor’s degree before exhausting their athletic eligibility and take post baccalaureate or graduate coursework. Findings from semistructured phone interviews with 11 graduate(d) student athletes in Division I football suggest participants are able to marshal their academic credentials to […]
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Gramsci and Games.
The objective of this article is to highlight the relevance ideological debate plays in the study of popular culture texts and in particular in that of video games. Every text is a reflection of the ideological forces (cultural, economic, social, individual, etc.) generating it. Thus, ideology is essentially an omnipresent entity, which knows no boundaries […]
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Grappling with Gender: Exploring Masculinity and Gender in the Bodies, Performances, and Emotions of Scholastic Wrestlers.
We contribute to the sociology of sport and gender literature with an ethnographic analysis of scholastic wrestling by observing the current climate of masculinity and gender. Our results suggest that it is necessary to understand men and sporting behavior within a broader framework of gender, not just masculinity, because the behavior of high school wrestlers […]
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Grooving in the ludic foodscape: Bridled revelry in collegiate tailgating
Throughout North America, the open air public feasting and drinking that surrounds an athletic event, most commonly football, is labeled “tailgating.” In this article, we explore how consumers infuse their place-creating activity with a well-modulated aura of revelry that energizes tailgating without jeopardizing either its immediate or long-term viability. To an appreciable degree, tailgating is […]
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Gymnastics and child abuse: an analysis of former international Portuguese female artistic gymnasts
The growing competitiveness of modern sport means that children, from very early ages, are increasingly submitted to intensive training programmes. These programmes are problematic for young athletes not only because their developing bodies are particularly susceptible to different kinds of injuries, but because athletes are also particularly vulnerable to experiences of different kinds of abuses. […]
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Habitus and social class: a case study on socialisation into sports and exercise
According to Bourdieu, habitus is an important, and class-specific, foundation for behaviour. However, he hardly explained how the habitus is acquired. Based on Bernstein’s elaboration on the various contexts in which group-specific behavioural principles are acquired, this article demonstrates how young children of two divergent social classes obtain their habitus underlying their sports and exercise […]
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Hahn versus Guttmann: revisiting ‘Sports and the Political Movement of Disabled Persons’
Ludwig Guttmann, who pioneered the use of sport in the physical, psychological and social rehabilitation of paraplegic patients, argued that sport facilitates social reintegration, even asserting that: ‘an employer will not hesitate… to employ a paralysed man… when he realizes that [he] is an accomplished sportsman’ (Guttmann, 1976: 13). Disability activist Harlan Hahn, on the […]
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Has the NFL’s Rooney Rule Efforts ‘‘Leveled the Field’’ for African American Head Coach Candidates?
Madden provides evidence that African American head coaches in the National Football League (NFL) significantly outperformed whites between 1990 and 2002. She concludes that this evidence is consistent with African Americans being required to be better to be hired as head coaches. In 2002, the NFL promulgated the Rooney Rule requiring that NFL teams make […]
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Health and Wellness Programming on Faith-Based Organizations: A description of a nationwide sample
Introduction. Most of the U.S. population is affiliated with faith-based organizations (FBOs) and regularly attends services. Health and wellness activities (HWA) delivered through FBOs have great potential for reach, but the number of FBOs offering health programs and the characteristics of these programs are currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to better understand […]
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Hegemonic Masculinity and Beyond: 40 Years of Research in Sweden.
This article discusses the status of the concept of hegemonic masculinity in research on men and boys in Sweden, and how it has been used and developed. Sweden has a relatively long history of public debate, research, and policy intervention in gender issues and gender equality. This has meant, in sheer quantitative terms, a relatively […]
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Heterosexist Attitudes and Team Cohesion in Women’s Collegiate Athletics
The purpose of the current study was to establish the nature of the quantitative relationship between heterosexist attitudes and team cohesion. The researcher also examined how individual factors of the multidimensional constructs of heterosexist attitudes and team cohesion substantiate that association using the Social Identity Approach (Abrams & Hogg, 2004; Hogg & Abrams, 1988) as […]
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High School Students’ Attitudes Toward Providing Girls Opportunities to Participate in Sport.
In light of the increasing participation of girls/women in sport, we investigate the attitudes of high school boys and girls toward potential increased opportunities for girls’ to participate in sport. There has been little research on high school students’ attitudes toward girls’ sport participation decomposed by gender and athletic status. We find that, on average, […]
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Historical Contestants: African American Documentary Traditions in On the Shoulders of Giants
This case study of Deborah Morales’s On the Shoulders of Giants: The Story of the Greatest Team You’ve Never Heard Of (2011) examines African American documentaries relationship to sports documentaries. On the Shoulders of Giants chronicles the experiences and cultural impact of the “Harlem Rens,” the first all-Black professional basketball team. Grounding the documentary in […]
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Girls Run the world? Caught Between Sexism and Postfeminism in the School
How do teenage girls articulate sexism in an era where gender injustice has been constructed as a thing of the past? Our article addresses this question by qualitatively exploring Canadian girls’ experiences of being caught between the postfeminist belief that gender equality has been achieved and the realities of their lives in school, which include […]
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Girls, international development and the politics of sport: Introduction.
In one of the first contemporary essays to explore the use of sport for adolescent girls’ development, Brady (1998) noted that the increased attention given to sport for girls and women – for example at the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing and at the first International Conference on Women in Sport in Brighton […]
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Girls’ bodily activities in physical education How current fitness and sport discourses influence girls’ identity construction
Girls’ identity constructions are influenced by the dominant sport, health and beauty discourses in their society. Recent research indicates that sport and health discourses embedded in physical education (PE) compete for influence. Some of these studies have illustrated how these discourses inform girls’ social construction of body ideals and femininities, as well as their choices […]
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Giving more weight to the ballerina: Material agency in the world of pointe shoes.
A ballerina’s life is generally considered to be hard. She works long hours, for poor pay in a highly disciplined and hierarchical system in which her interests are seldom at the forefront. Pain, eating disorders and exhaustion are considered to be the ‘unavoidable risks’ of the profession. However, when asked, most ballerinas talk with a […]
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Glitter (Foot)ball Tactics: Negotiating Mainstream Gender Equality in Iceland
Sterken are an Icelandic gay football team, whose practices fit with a wider discourse of gender mainstreaming. Iceland provides an exceptional context to investigate gender mainstreaming: it has been rated first for gender equality by the World Economic Forum and until recently had a lesbian Prime Minister dedicated to introducing gender equality-led policy; but Iceland […]
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Global Perspectives on Sports and Christianity
While the relationship between sport and religion is deeply rooted in history, it continues to play a profound role in shaping modern-day societies. This edited collection provides an inter-disciplinary exploration of this relationship from a global perspective, making a major contribution to the religious, social scientific and theological study of sport. It discusses the dialectical […]
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Global sport and consumer culture.
This paper introduces the Special Issue of the Journal of Consumer Culture on the theme of ‘Global Sport and Consumer Culture’. We begin by briefly setting out how the interrelations of global sport and consumer culture have intensified through three historical stages: first, a ‘take-off’ phase from the late 19th century to the mid-1940s; second, […]
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Global Subjects or Objects of Globalisation? The promotion of global citizenship in organisations offering sport for development and/or peace programmes
Sport for Development and Peace (sdp) has been adopted as a ‘development tool’ by Western development practitioners and a growing number of development organisations. Sport is frequently referred to as a ‘global language’ and used to promote international awareness and cross-cultural understanding-two key themes in global citizenship literature. In this paper I examine the language […]
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Global, National, and Local Factors in the Management of University Sport: The Hungarian Case.
Because of the international nature of university sport, the appearance of transnational areas, events, results, and actors occurred very early. Therefore, the harmonization of the national and international factors influencing the functioning and development of student sport has been necessary since its rise. The objective of the article is to reveal the interaction between global, […]
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Globalization and Social Justice in Sports Broadcasting: The Case of Al-Jazeera Sport
This article highlights sport broadcasting as an emergent battlefield of “globalization from above and below” based on analysis of the strained relationship between Al-Jazeera Sport (AJS) and sports fans in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) over subscription fees to the 2010 and 2014 World Cup games. The article illustrates how sports globalization weakened national […]
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Globalization and sport in Asia: Diverse perspectives and future possibilities.
This paper develops our prior work to examine how glocalization may be applied to examine Asian sport. We begin by discussing the different usages of glocalization in social science, and the role of Asian scholars in developing and applying the term. We set out our sociocultural understanding of glocalization, notably drawing on Robertson’s work and […]
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Globalization, Urbanization and Sporting Spectacle in Pacific Asia: Places, People and Pastness
Within this paper we “hold together” an amalgam of intensive and extensive glocalization and the simultaneous reinscription of the importance of the global growth rationalities to aid understandings of contemporary Pacific Asian sporting spectacles. Through a series of four vignettes, we point to the place of sport within intense transformations within urban conglomerations in Pacific […]
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Globo, the Brazilian Military Dictatorship and the 1970 FIFA Football World Cup: Ambiguous Relations.
TV Globo is the leading television channel in Brazil and is among the biggest television networks in the world. Globo is internationally renowned for its soap operas, but football has also been an important part of its popularity. Domestically, Globo is also known for its ambiguous relationships with the military dictatorships of the 1960s and […]
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Glocal Boys: Exploring Experiences of Acculturation Amongst Migrant Youth Footballers in Premier League Academies
This article explores the experiences of acculturation recounted by migrant youth footballers following their migrations to Premier League academies. Whereas problems of acculturation have been documented in research exploring the migratory experiences of senior professional athletes, the framing of migrant youth footballers as a problematic collective in academic, public and media discourse has tended to […]
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Glocalization and Sports in Asia
Asia’s sports-mediascapes are increasingly globalized and regionalized, as are the roles played specifically by global sports in the processes of reconstituting national imaginaries among local populations as they undergo the larger experience of globalization. As such, the thesis of “glocalization” developed by Roland Robertson informs the essays in this special issue that tackle recent trends […]
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Glory Hunters Sugar Daddies and Long-Term Competitive Balance Under UEFA Financial Fair Play
This article analyzes the long-term effects of Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) Financial Fair Play on competitive balance using a multi period adaption of a professional team sports model. This study accounts for the empirical fact that a club’s market size is positively affected by historic success. An increasingly successful club can attract more […]
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God, Sport Philosophy, Kinesiology: A MacIntyrean Examination
Sport philosophy is in crisis. This sub discipline of kinesiology garners little to no respect and few tenure track lines in kinesiology departments. Why is this the case? Why isn’t philosophy held in greater esteem? Is it possible that philosopher Alasdair MacIntyre’s (2009) diagnosis found in “God, Philosophy, Universities” could actually be fruitfully applied to […]
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Governance of the London 2012 Olympic Games Legacy.
This study addresses the governance of the London 2012 Olympics legacy. It presents legacy not as a retrospective but a prospective concept concerned with shaping the future through interactions between the state, market and society. This entails designing systems of governance to guide and steer collective actions towards a consensus amongst various parties concerned. Four […]
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Gender equality in sport leadership: From the Brighton Declaration to the Sydney Scoreboard
This study investigated the development of the legacies of the five World Conferences on Women and Sport that have been convened by the International Working Group on Women and Sport from 1994 to 2010. In particular, it examined the ways in which gender is constructed in these legacies in relation to gender equality in sport […]
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Gender Ideologies, Youth Sports, and the Production of Soft Essentialism
By the mid-Twentieth Century in the U.S., a dominant ideology of natural, categorical differences between women and men was an organic part of the unequal distribution of women and men into domestic and public realms, especially in middle class families. Sport was a key site for the naturalization of this ideology, which I call “hard […]
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Gender on the ropes: An autoethnographic account of boxing in Tasmania, Australia
This paper documents how I fought for a place as a boxer in a regional Tasmanian boxing gym over a 30 month period. This work builds on existing ethnographic accounts that argue that, for women, becoming a boxer is more than just a matter of developing a fit body and physical skill – it is […]
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Gender Regimes and Habitus: An Avenue for Analyzing Gender Building in Sports Contexts
In this paper, I illustrate how gender dispositions vary in women’s soccer and women’s boxing in France based on Connell’s (1987) concept of gender régimeand Bourdieu’s theory of habitus. Data were obtained through ethnographic observations and biographical interviews with fifty female athletes. The main results showed that the gender dispositions of the interviewed athletes were […]
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Gender Regulation: Renée Richards Revisited
In 1976, a reporter at a tennis tournament identified the rookie standout Renée Clarke as Renée Richards, the former male professional tennis player Richard Raskind. The discovery of Richards, a male-to-female transsexual, immediately caused protest. While Richards’ very presence disrupted the socially constructed conceptions of ‘male’ and ‘female’ in sport – and her successful legal […]
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Gender Role Beliefs and Parents’ Support for Athletic Participation
Pay-to-play fees in public schools place more support for sport participation in the hands of parents; this may disproportionately affect the ability of girls to garner the benefits of sports. Using an online survey of a national sample of parents (N = 814), we examined the relationship between parents’ gender role beliefs, parents’ beliefs about […]
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Gender Verification and Gender Policies in Elite Sport: Eligibility and “Fair Play”
Sex-segregated sports require governing bodies to clearly and accurately place athletes in two categories, one labeled “men” and the other labeled “women.” Sports governing bodies such as the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and International Association of Athletics Federation (IAAF) used sex testing procedures to attempt to verify the sex of athletes competing in women’s events. […]
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Gender, Media, and Mixed Martial Arts in Poland: The Case of Joanna
Recent growth in the media visibility of female combat sport athletes has offered a compelling site for research on gender and sport media, as women in deeply masculinized sports have been increasingly placed in the public spotlight. Although scholars in the Anglophone West have offered analysis of the media framing of this phenomenon, little work […]
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Gendered homophobia in sport and coaching: Understanding the everyday experiences of lesbian coaches
The purpose of this article is to discuss a theory of everyday gendered homophobia as a way of understanding lesbian coaches’ experiences of their profession. I discuss the need to gain a better comprehension of homophobia achieved through deconstructing women’s day-to-day experiences of professional coaching, examining how their lives are individually organized along multiple power […]
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Gendered jocks or equal players? Athletic affiliation and hooking up among college students
Previous research has found sex-specific effects of athletic participation on young adult sexuality, with male athletes reporting increased sexual activity and female athletes reporting lower levels of sexual activity relative to non-athlete peers. Yet research has not examined sexual activity by athletic affiliation beyond quantity, nor considered the normative landscape of non-relational college sexual culture. […]
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Gene Doping and the Responsibility of Bioethicists.
In this paper we will argue: (1) that scholars, regardless of their normative stand against or for genetic enhancement indeed have a moral/professional obligation to hold on to a realistic and up-to-date conception of genetic enhancement; (2) that there is an unwarranted hype surrounding the issue of genetic enhancement in general, and gene doping in […]
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Generation 3.0: Popularity of the national German team among Israeli soccer fans
Overshadowed by the events of WWII and Germany’s responsibility for the Jewish Holocaust, German–Israel relations are both sensitive and complicated. The memories of the Holocaust and Nazi crimes continue to pervade many areas of life in Israel, as these memories are regularly manipulated by multiple stakeholders. The present study examines the recently growing popularity of […]
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Getting Better: An Autoethnographic Tale of Recovery from Sporting Injury.
In this autoethnography I explore how my responses to a horse-riding injury to my face and teeth illustrate some of the complex interactions between gender identity and sporting identity. This facial injury left me feeling vulnerable and uncomfortable with my appearance, and prompted me to reflect on the ways sporting participation and injury are both […]
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Getting Free: The Arts and Politics of Basketball Modernity.
I employ Marshall Berman’s and Stephen Kern’s cultural analysis of modernity in late 19th-and early 20th-century Europe and the United States to examine basketball’s invention, rules, and technical and institutional development. This yields two overlapping images of basketball. First, I situate basketball within the broader context of 19th-century modernization, where, as an effect of and […]
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Getting in the Game: Title IX and the Women’s Sports Revolution
In this first legal analysis of Title IX, the book assesses the statute’s successes and failures, using a feminist theory lens to understand, defend, and critique the law. While the statute has created tremendous gains for female athletes, not only raising the visibility and cultural acceptance of women in sports, but also creating social bonds […]
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Gibberish in Communicating Written Physical Activity Information: Making Strides at Derailing a Perpetual Problem
The majority of physical activity resources are too difficult to be easily read and understood by most U.S. adults. Attempts to ensure that such resources are written in the most accessible manner possible have been advanced (e.g., 2010 U.S. National Action Plan to Improve Health Literacy ). For this study, physical activity educational resources were […]
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Girl, Interrupted: Interpreting Semenya’s Body, Gender Verification Testing, and Public Discourse
This article addresses the social implications of gender verification testing in sport. The authors ask how sex—gender is contained in mediated public discourses that questioned Caster Semenya’s identity following her success in the women’s 800 m at the International Association of Athletics Federation (IAAF) World Championship. The authors use critical discourse analysis to examine the […]
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Freedom between the lines: clothing behavior and identity work among young female soccer players
Our research examines the relationship among identity, age, gender and athleticism through a study of the association between sports clothing and the identity work of pre-adolescent female soccer players. Based on participant-observation and interviews conducted at three co-ed youth soccer camps, we find that age is an important element of identity, particularly as it intersects […]
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French Football Needs More Women Like Adriana? Examining the Media Coverage of France’s Women’s National Football Team for the 2011 World Cup and the 2012 Olympic Games
As reflected by the London 2012 Summer Olympic Games, global women’s participation in sports seems to currently be at its highest levels ever. However, equality between men and women has not yet been reached when one examines how men and women involved in sports are represented in the media. Sportswomen have appeared to be typically […]
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Friends as Enemies: A Sociological Analysis of the Relationship Among Touring Professional Golfers
This paper examines the relationship among male touring professional golfers from a figurational sociological standpoint. The paper is based on 20 interviews from players with experience playing at various levels on the European Professional Golfers Association professional tours and a level ‘above’ that. The results indicate a workplace culture where many begin to adopt the […]
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From ‘sport for good’ to ‘sport for sport’s sake’ – not a good move for sports development in England?
This paper reviews the remarkably rapid switch in 2008, still under new Labour, from ‘sport for good’ policies (stressing external benefits to society) to ‘sport for sport’s sake’ (stressing intrinsic benefits to sport). It then catalogues a series of issues which the author feels make it unlikely, indeed almost impossible under the budget cuts planned […]
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From Core to Consumer: The Informal Hierarchy of the Skateboard Scene.
In this article, I explore the characteristics of the informal social hierarchy within the skateboard subculture as well as how the elite members maintain their power and status within the subculture. Drawing from Fox’s detailed mapping of the punk subculture and Thornton’s reworking of Bourdieu’s cultural capital, I investigate how skateboarders distinguish themselves from the […]
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From Disability to Ability: Changing the Phrasing of the Debate
Persons with disabilities have endured discrimination and live under social apartheid. While enlightened people recognise the role that society has in disabling people with impairments, there remains a struggle to remove the negative stigma associated with this form of social diversity. There is no silver bullet that will enable persons with disabilities to exercise their […]
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From Loving the Hero to Despising the Villain: Exploring Sports Fans Social Identity Management on Facebook
This research explored how University of Cincinnati football fans used Facebook to manage a social identity threat arising from head football coach Brian Kelly leaving the school to become the head coach at the University of Notre Dame. A thematic analysis of 717 wall postings in the “Get Out of Our City Brian Kelly” Facebook […]
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From Pride to Smugness and the Nationalism Between: Olympic Media Consumption Effects on Nationalism Across the Globe
To measure relationships between Olympic media viewing and nation-based attitudes, 6 nations (Australia, Bulgaria, China, the Netherlands, Slovenia, and the United States) were surveyed in the 5 days immediately after the 2012 London Olympics. A total of 1,025 respondents answered questions pertaining to four measures of nationalism: patriotism, nationalism, internationalism, and smugness. The amount of […]
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From racial exclusions to new inclusions: Black and minority ethnic participation in football clubs in the East Midlands of England
This article reports on survey and interview data from a two-phase study examining the shape and scope of Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) participation in amateur football clubs in Leicestershire in the East Midlands of England. Survey results identified strongly differentiated patterns of participation and a concentration of BME (male) players, coaches and management committee […]
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From sex roles to gender structure
This article has two goals, an intellectual history of gender as a concept and to outline a framework for moving forward theory and research on gender conceptualized as a structure of social stratification. The authors’ first goal is to trace the conceptual development of the study of sex and gender throughout the 20th century to […]
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From Stoke Mandeville to Stratford: A History of the Summer Paralympic Games
As Aristotle once said, “If you would understand anything, observe its beginning and its development.” When Dr Ian Brittain started researching the history of the Paralympic Games after beginning his PhD studies in 1999, it quickly became clear that there was no clear or comprehensive source of information about the Paralympic Games or Great Britain’s […]
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From the “Taiwan Yankees” to the New York Yankees: The Glocal Narratives of Baseball.
This study examines both the general narratives of baseball in Taiwan and particularly New York Yankees-related narratives since Taiwanese player Chien-ming Wang joined the team in 2005. By reviewing newspaper coverage and TV ratings data, I argue that a nationalistic perspective was the undertone in the Taiwanese mass media; indeed, the media could define the […]
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Full-Contact Practice and Injuries in College Football
Background: Despite recent restrictions being placed on practice in college football, there are little data to correlate such changes with injuries. Hypothesis:Football injuries will correlate with a team’s exposure to full-contact practice, total practice, and total games. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: All injuries and athlete injury exposures (AE × Min = athletes exposed […]
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Gaining a foothold in football: A genealogical analysis of the emergence of the female footballer in New Zealand.
In this article we adopted Foucault’s genealogical approach to examine the emergence of the female footballer in the early 1970s. Results from in-depth interviews and document analysis indicated that these female footballers were discursively constructed as submissive, heterosexual, non-feminists, who were supportive of male football and entertainment. We relatedly argue, in a seemingly paradoxical manner, […]
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Gay Pride on Stolen Land: Homonationalism and Settler Colonialism at the Vancouver Winter Olympics
A new form of sporting settler homonationalism emerged in the Pride Houses at the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics. For the first time ever, Pride Houses were set up where gay and lesbian supporters watched and celebrated the Olympic events. Drawing on poststructuralism, queer and settler colonial studies, the paper analyzes how the Pride Houses were […]
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