Sport Imagery Questionnaire (SIQ)
In sports, people have studied how often athletes imagine themselves doing well using surveys that ask them questions about their thoughts. The most popular survey is called the Sport Imagery Questionnaire (SIQ) (Hack et al., 1998). It has 30 questions that ask about five types of imagery. Athletes respond on a scale of 1 to 7. Multiple studies (Hall et al., 1998; Hall et al., 2005) have shown that the SIQ is a reliable and valid way to measure athletes’ imaginations and that it is related to their performance, confidence, and anxiety (Callow et al., 1998).
There is also a version of the SIQ for young athletes (Hall et al., 2009). It has 21 questions and asks about the same five types of imagery as the adult version. The answers are given on a scale of 1 to 5. Studies have shown that the SIQ for children is a good way to measure their imagery (Munroe-Chander et al., 2007) and it is related to their confidence, self-efficacy, and performance in sports (Jenny et al., 2014; Munroe-Chandler et al., 2008; Munroe-Chandler et al., 2012).
Callow, N., Hardy, L., & Hall, C. (2001). The effects of a motivational general-mastery imagery intervention on the sport confidence of high-level badminton players. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 72, 389400.
Hall, C., Mack, D., Paivio, A., & Hausenblas, H. (1998). Imagery use by athletes: Development of the Sport Imagery Questionnaire. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 29, 7389.
Hall, C. R., Munroe-Chandler, K. J., Fishburne, G. J., & Hall, N. D. (2009). The Sport Imagery Questionnaire for Children (SIQ-C). Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 13, 93107.
Hall, C., Stevens, D., & Paivio, A. (2005). The Sport Imagery Questionnaire: Test manual. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.
Jenny, O., Munroe-Chandler, K. J., Hall, C. R., & Hall, N. D. (2014). Using imagery to improve the self-efficacy of youth squash players. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 26, 6681.
Munroe-Chandler, K. J., Hall, C. R., & Fishburne, G. J. (2008). Playing with confidence: The relationship between imagery use and self-confidence and self- efficacy in youth soccer players. Journal of Sports Science, 26, 15391546.
Munroe-Chandler, K. J., Hall, C. R., Fishburne, G. J., Murphy, L., & Hall, N. D. (2012). Effects of a cognitive specific imagery intervention on the soccer skill performance of young athletes: Age group comparisons. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13, 324331.
Munroe-Chandler, K. J., Hall, C., Fishburne, G., & Strachan, L. (2007). Where, when and why athletes use imagery: An examination of developmental differences. Research Quarterly for Sport and Exercise, 78, 103116.
