Psychopharmacology is the study of how drugs affect our mood, feelings, thoughts, and behavior (Lucidi, 2019). Certain drugs called psychoactive drugs interact with specific parts of our nervous system to bring about changes in our body and mind. Psychoactive drugs can be grouped into different categories based on their effects, such as antipsychotics, stimulants like cocaine and nicotine, anxiety-relieving drugs, antidepressants, hallucinogens, and sedatives (Lucidi, 2019).
When it comes to sports, there are a couple of important things to consider. When athletes have psychiatric conditions, they may need to use medications. However, it can be challenging to find the right treatment because exercise and the demands of sports can affect how the drugs work and impact performance. Athletes may also be concerned about the negative effects on their performance, which can make them less likely to stick to their treatment.
Psychoactive drugs may be used in sports to enhance athletic performance. Both athletes and non-athletes may come across these substances through over-the-counter, recreational, or prescription drugs (Lucidi, 2019). Many sports organizations have rules against using psychoactive drugs, and it’s important to follow these anti-doping regulations. Athletes may use these drugs to cope with stress, anxiety, and sleep problems that can come with intense training and balancing other aspects of their lives. Some drugs, like ephedrine and amphetamine, are known to improve performance, but they can also have negative effects on a person’s physical and mental well-being. Using psychoactive drugs excessively and for a long time can lead to serious health issues and even death, especially with drugs like amphetamines.
The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) releases a list every year that includes different types of psychoactive drugs that are considered doping, such as narcotics, stimulants, amphetamines, and alcohol (which is prohibited during competitions in some sports). However, there are cases where athletes can be allowed to use some of these prohibited drugs under certain circumstances, known as Therapeutic Use Exemptions (Lucidi, 2019).
Lucidi, F. (2019). In D. Hackfort, R. J. Schinke, & B. Strauss (Eds.), Dictionary of sport psychology: Sport, exercise, and performing arts. Academic Press.
